Economies and Dis-Economies of Scale Essay - 825 Words

Economies and Dis-Economies of Scale (Essay Sample) Content: (Name)(University)(Course)(Tutor)(Date)IntroductionThe modern day business organizations are faced with numerous challenges as well as opportunities that compel them to constantly adjust to the environment and respond to the challenges presented. In effect, the size and structure of the firms have constantly undergone changes. This has caused the businesses to find themselves in new markets, producing new products, operating in with new structures and so on. This has mainly been catapulted by the firms need to keep up with the new market challenges such as competition without which they would inevitably face the natural selection fate. In order for a firm to survive this turbulent business environment, it is necessary for the firm to constantly evaluate and if need be change its operational processes. This, more often than not leads to a business restructuring with the aim of economic and technical efficiency (Franklin, 2009). In order to remain afloat in the long-ter m, the businesses will need to either restructure their operations to produce at economies or diseconomies of scale. This paper critically analyses both the economies and diseconomies of scale with a review of four authors views on the same topic.Economies of scaleThis simply means the ability of a firm to produce its output at a minimal unit cost. This in effect, reduces the cost of production and the benefits from producing more units to ensure that it reaches the set target. According to Celli (2013), economies of scale are often associated with a reduction in the average unit production cost and hence, higher productivity levels. In most cases firms strategically plan to achieve economies of scale in order to have a competitive advantage over those which are not able to achieve that. As a result a firm is able to sell at a lower cost per unit (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). This arises from the fact that while the companys variable cost increases with an increase in the numbe r of units produced, the fixed cost remain unchanged and in effect, spreading the fixed cost over more units reduces the eventual total production cost per unit. The following table justifies the economies of scale.Products A Fixed Cost Variable costNo. of UnitsTotal CostUnit cost $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 100 $ 15,000.00  $ 150.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 150 $ 17,500.00  $ 116.67  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 200 $ 20,000.00  $ 100.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 250 $ 22,500.00  $ 90.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 300 $ 25,000.00  $ 83.33  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 350 $ 27,500.00  $ 78.57  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 400 $ 30,000.00  $ 75.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 450 $ 32,500.00  $ 72.22 From the above analysis, it is evident that a company producing at a variable cost of $50 and a fixed cost of $10000 will need to produce more items in order to achieve economies of scale. When the level of production is only 100 units, the total cost is $150000 and consequently, the unit cost of production is $150. When the company increases the number of units it produces, the total costs increase but also most importantly, the cost of production per unit reduces significantly. The firm is therefore, able to compete with other firms producing the same product or a substitute through selling at a lower unit prices since the cost of production is low (Celli, 2013).The other advantage of conducting a business under economies of scale is the possibility of greater market potential. This is proposed by Celli (2013), when he proposed that economies of scale causes a firm to produce large quantity and subsequently selling them at lower prices to the consumers and in effect, the consumers are able to purchase more of the products. Producing many units also compel the company to reach out to new markets and in ef fect, the company sales and operations grow. Franklin (2009), allude to the same fact that firm can increase their competitive advantage by increasing their output to the extent that their unit production cost reduce.Economies of scale however, has its own fair share of disadvantages. One of the main demerit of economies of scale is that the firm may experience sales pressure. This could arise where the firm would need to sell more in order to keep up with its production levels (Celli, 2013). This may not be sustainable in the long-run since there are constant pressure from market forces such as product competition, threats by new market entrant who may offer superior products therefore, taking a huge portion of the firms market share as so on.Diseconomies of scaleThis is the complete opposite of economies of scale. In this type of business operation, a company is compelled to produce at increased unit costs (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). This arises from a situation where the f irm is no longer able to manage its unit cost of production. This may arise from different factors which mainly affect the variable cost of production. In our previous example, the firm may be unable to produce at lower cost per unit in the long-run and therefore, ends up producing at higher unit cost (Coase, 2005). An example of a diseconomies of scale is where the firm has to hire more staff to increase sales, increase the office overheads such as communication costs in order to enhance efficient communication among the staff and hire new product managers to manage increased sales regions (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). If this increases the cost per unit, the company is said to operate under diseconomies of scale. The following graph shows a company operating under diseconomies of scale. As the firm continues to increase its total production from 100 units to 250 units, the unit cost reduces. However, between a total production capacity of 250 units and 300, the firm is no lon ger able to produce at a lower unit cost. After the 300 unit mark, the firm enters diseconomy of scale and an extra unit means an increased unit cost. EMBED Excel.Chart.8 \s 
The main discussion that surrounds the concept of diseconomies of scale is the fact that no firm is able to expand inexorably to the extent that it can outcompete all other firms to remain the sole global producer of a commodity (Celli, 2013). This concept was initially p... Economies and Dis-Economies of Scale Essay - 825 Words Economies and Dis-Economies of Scale (Essay Sample) Content: (Name)(University)(Course)(Tutor)(Date)IntroductionThe modern day business organizations are faced with numerous challenges as well as opportunities that compel them to constantly adjust to the environment and respond to the challenges presented. In effect, the size and structure of the firms have constantly undergone changes. This has caused the businesses to find themselves in new markets, producing new products, operating in with new structures and so on. This has mainly been catapulted by the firms need to keep up with the new market challenges such as competition without which they would inevitably face the natural selection fate. In order for a firm to survive this turbulent business environment, it is necessary for the firm to constantly evaluate and if need be change its operational processes. This, more often than not leads to a business restructuring with the aim of economic and technical efficiency (Franklin, 2009). In order to remain afloat in the long-ter m, the businesses will need to either restructure their operations to produce at economies or diseconomies of scale. This paper critically analyses both the economies and diseconomies of scale with a review of four authors views on the same topic.Economies of scaleThis simply means the ability of a firm to produce its output at a minimal unit cost. This in effect, reduces the cost of production and the benefits from producing more units to ensure that it reaches the set target. According to Celli (2013), economies of scale are often associated with a reduction in the average unit production cost and hence, higher productivity levels. In most cases firms strategically plan to achieve economies of scale in order to have a competitive advantage over those which are not able to achieve that. As a result a firm is able to sell at a lower cost per unit (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). This arises from the fact that while the companys variable cost increases with an increase in the numbe r of units produced, the fixed cost remain unchanged and in effect, spreading the fixed cost over more units reduces the eventual total production cost per unit. The following table justifies the economies of scale.Products A Fixed Cost Variable costNo. of UnitsTotal CostUnit cost $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 100 $ 15,000.00  $ 150.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 150 $ 17,500.00  $ 116.67  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 200 $ 20,000.00  $ 100.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 250 $ 22,500.00  $ 90.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 300 $ 25,000.00  $ 83.33  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 350 $ 27,500.00  $ 78.57  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 400 $ 30,000.00  $ 75.00  $ 10,000.00  $ 50.00 450 $ 32,500.00  $ 72.22 From the above analysis, it is evident that a company producing at a variable cost of $50 and a fixed cost of $10000 will need to produce more items in order to achieve economies of scale. When the level of production is only 100 units, the total cost is $150000 and consequently, the unit cost of production is $150. When the company increases the number of units it produces, the total costs increase but also most importantly, the cost of production per unit reduces significantly. The firm is therefore, able to compete with other firms producing the same product or a substitute through selling at a lower unit prices since the cost of production is low (Celli, 2013).The other advantage of conducting a business under economies of scale is the possibility of greater market potential. This is proposed by Celli (2013), when he proposed that economies of scale causes a firm to produce large quantity and subsequently selling them at lower prices to the consumers and in effect, the consumers are able to purchase more of the products. Producing many units also compel the company to reach out to new markets and in ef fect, the company sales and operations grow. Franklin (2009), allude to the same fact that firm can increase their competitive advantage by increasing their output to the extent that their unit production cost reduce.Economies of scale however, has its own fair share of disadvantages. One of the main demerit of economies of scale is that the firm may experience sales pressure. This could arise where the firm would need to sell more in order to keep up with its production levels (Celli, 2013). This may not be sustainable in the long-run since there are constant pressure from market forces such as product competition, threats by new market entrant who may offer superior products therefore, taking a huge portion of the firms market share as so on.Diseconomies of scaleThis is the complete opposite of economies of scale. In this type of business operation, a company is compelled to produce at increased unit costs (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). This arises from a situation where the f irm is no longer able to manage its unit cost of production. This may arise from different factors which mainly affect the variable cost of production. In our previous example, the firm may be unable to produce at lower cost per unit in the long-run and therefore, ends up producing at higher unit cost (Coase, 2005). An example of a diseconomies of scale is where the firm has to hire more staff to increase sales, increase the office overheads such as communication costs in order to enhance efficient communication among the staff and hire new product managers to manage increased sales regions (Staffan , Phillip, David, 2006). If this increases the cost per unit, the company is said to operate under diseconomies of scale. The following graph shows a company operating under diseconomies of scale. As the firm continues to increase its total production from 100 units to 250 units, the unit cost reduces. However, between a total production capacity of 250 units and 300, the firm is no lon ger able to produce at a lower unit cost. After the 300 unit mark, the firm enters diseconomy of scale and an extra unit means an increased unit cost. EMBED Excel.Chart.8 \s 
The main discussion that surrounds the concept of diseconomies of scale is the fact that no firm is able to expand inexorably to the extent that it can outcompete all other firms to remain the sole global producer of a commodity (Celli, 2013). This concept was initially p...

Workplace Safety Safety And Safety - 918 Words

Organizational Safety Program Safety in the workplace has become a major focus on many organizations due to many accidents and deaths. When employees enter their place of work they expect to work in a safe environment in which they can work with our anything to worry about. As it is known that some workplaces are safer than others. Workplace safety is a priority in for most workplaces that is why employers care about employee’s safety. Workplace safety is a kind of management responsibility in places of employment that includes health and safety of workers. In order to provide workers with safety and health, managers focus on safety that can include such elements as: management leadership and obligation; worker involving accountability; ensuring the work is carried out safely and effectively; different safety plans, programs and policies, processes, procedures, and practices; safety inspections for workplace hazards; safety goals, objectives and program audits; safety tracking and metrics; identification of hazards and control; safety education, training and communications. Talking about workplace safety, it is necessary to mention health and safety hazards. According to definition of Rajagopal J., â€Å"a ‘hazard’ is something that in itself may cause harm or injury.† (Rajagopal, 2009).Workplace hazards include moving parts of machinery, flammable or toxic substances and lifting heavy things. 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The person who is currently in this position has been the safety officer for about 14 years. Outside of his experience in teaching safety classes, he does not possess credentials in instructional design or teaching for that matter. He is purely a subjectRead MoreBenefits of OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration)1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of OSHA Work place safety is not something to be scoffed about. Although many employers and employees often overlook this pre-caution, the government has created a whole agency, OSHA (occupational safety and health administration) to address work place related injuries and deaths. For many years OSHA has implemented training programs for the employees and workers of companies in the industry of construction and general hard labor. Not all working sites were created equal. Although the

The Non Banking Financial Sector And Banks Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1105 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Of late there has been a lot of activity in the non-banking financial sector India got its first Micro Finance Institution (MFI) listed on the bourses through SKS Microfinance (SKS) and what has followed subsequently does not seem to augur well for the MFI space in particular and NBFCs in general. SKSs CEO S. Gurumani was fired a month after the IPO of SKS and then there was news of SKS and other MFIs causing suicides in Andhra Pradesh due to exorbitant interest rates and ruthless collection practices. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Non Banking Financial Sector And Banks Finance Essay" essay for you Create order This has led to AP government announcing ordnance for change in collection cycle from weekly to monthly among other requirements. Further the RBI has set up the Malegam Committee to put regulations on the sector under pressure from the Finance Ministry. Markets are discounting the MFI space for now due to which IPOs lined up have been stalled for the time-being. The whole NBFC sector is wary because NBFCs are being considered in the same breath as MFIs and the regulations on MFIs might significantly impact other segments of NBFCs too which otherwise seem to be working well under RBI guidelines. NBFCs are different from banks and not synonymous with MFIs which operate under models like self-help groups or NGOs or Section 25 companies also. So what are NBFCs? NBFCs are companies which are in the business of financing. Right from the bike store near you to the malls you go to large equipment and vehicle dealers, NBFCs play the role of facilitating business either by financing the customer or the vendor or the business itself. Such companies may or may not collect money from the public but not demand deposits. Legally, Section 45-I (f) of Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 defines NBFC as (i) a financial institution which is a company; (ii) a non-banking institution which is a company and which has as its principal business the receiving of deposits, under any scheme or arrangement or in any other manner, or leading in any manner; (iii) such other non-banking institution or class of such institutions, as the Bank may, with the previous approval of the Central Government and by notification in the Official Gazette, specify. Based on these and activities they have been divided into four types: equipment leasing company; hire-pu rchase company; loan company and investment company. W.e.f. December 6, 2006 are reclassified as Asset Finance Company (AFC), Investment Company (IC) and Loan Company (LC). The above type of companies may be further classified into those accepting deposits or those not accepting deposits. Besides the above class of NBFCs the Residuary Non-Banking Companies are also registered as NBFC with the Bank. Banking regulation Like other fund agents in the Indian financial system, the NBFCs are also governed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). NBFCs dont completely resemble banks due to the fact that they cannot accept demand deposits and they are not a part of payment and settlement system and as such cannot issue cheques to its customers. But NBFCs also dont have to maintain cash reserve ratio (CRR) and statutory liquid ratio (SLR). Priority sector lending norm of 40% (of total advances) is also not applicable for them. As per RBI guidelines, NBFCs require a minimum Net Owned Fund (NOF) of Rs. 2 crore. NBFCs accepting public deposits (NBFCs-D) are subject to RBI regulations. But of late due to rise of NBFC-ND-SI (non deposit taking NBFCs which are systemically important i.e. NOF= Rs. 100 Crores) have been subject to CRAR and exposure norms prescribed by the Reserve Bank The existing policy since 2001 has been that an NBFC with a good track record for conversion into a bank, if : It is not p romoted by a Large Industrial or Business House Satisfies the prescribed minimum capital requirements Has a AAA rating or its equivalent, credit rating in the last year Capital Adequacy of not less than 12% and Net Non Performing Assets (NPA) ratio of not more than 5% NBFCs in the running for banking licences A recent discussion paper by RBI, dwelt on the issue of giving banking licences to corporate houses and NBFCs. Fresh licences to NBFCs would help in increasing the reach of the financial system as a whole to the interiors of India besides fostering greater competition and reduction in costs and improvement in quality. It is said that players like LIC Housing Finance, Reliance Capital, Shriram Group, AB Nuvo, Mahindra Finance, and Religare Enterprise are looking to obtain banking licences this time around. RBI has suggested to the following two options of which the latter is gaining favour in the industry: Proposal 1: Permitting standalone (i.e. those not promoted by Industrial/ Business Houses) NBFCs (including those regulated by SEBI, IRDA NHB) to promote banks Proposal 2: Permitting conversion of NBFCs into banks provided they should not be directly/indirectly engaged in real estate activity. Banking licence to NBFCs would help them in the following ways: Acces s to low-cost CASA(current account and savings account) deposits Relaxed capital requirement for CRAR of 10% Relaxation of regulatory compliances for issue of public deposits The problem for NBFCs could be the high startup capital requirement of at least Rs 500 crores to be scaled up to Rs 1000 crore in five years time putting high pressure on the Balance Sheets of NBFCs. Problems to NBFC turned banks -failures and challenges The challenges for the NBFCs wanting to convert into banks can be rated as follows: Lesser free play due to greater RBI restrictions as is prevalent on banks 40% priority sector lending requirement would prove an uphill task and might put pressure on asset quality itself Lending restrictions to the real estate sector High expenses on skills and technology Investment in infrastructure for ATMs, credit cards and internet banking The asset-mix is more long term oriented and hence asset-liability mismatch may arise Indian banking space was opened up in 1994 when 9 players were given banking licenses. Also in 2003, when fresh banking licenses were issued , Yes Bank and Kotak Mahindra Bank . Out of these 11 players on 7 have survived GTB merged with OBC; Times Bank was merged with HDFC Bank; Bank of Punjab with Centurion Bank, which itself has been merged with HDFC Bank. This means a 35% failure rate for new banks. Banking is a multi-functional game whereas non-b anking finance has focussed on a small portfolio of services. It remains to be seen as to what kind of business model an eligible NBFC would take to be successful as a bank. As such giving a licence to an NBFC which eventually goes on to fail would not only create systemic problems besides reducing the faith of the customers in the banking system.

Commentary on Passge (Page 124-125) of Things Fall Apart...

In this passage of Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe, the protagonist and main characters of the novel, Okonkwo, has just been sent into exile away from his land of Umuofia , Nigeria . The crime he has committed to receive such a punishment is the sin of murder. While he is attending a funeral for a man named, Ogbuefi Ezeudu, Okonkwo’s gun accidentally explodes and kills Ezeudu’s sixteen-year-old son. Killing a clansman is a crime against their earth goddess, thus, Okonkwo and his family are sent into exile, being forced to go back to his motherland of Mbanta. The men of the family who have experienced the loss in this accidental death burn Okonkwo’s houses and kill his animals to cleanse the village of his sin of murder. They do this to†¦show more content†¦But he allows this fear to take control, and becomes inflexible and it eventually drives him to his final downfall. A significant character shown in this passage is Obierika. Though a minor character, Okonkwo’s close friend demonstrates importance because of his many doubts and questions of some of the tribe’s traditional system, this shows a possibility of Obierika being a spokesperson for Achebe. He is a foil to Okonkwo, because Okonkwo has the desire for the most part to embrace the traditions and view of masculinity, while Obierika was a man who thought about things and sometimes questioned the ways of the clan. Another opposite decision he makes compared to Okonkwo is in the killing of Ikemefuna, in which he refuses to accompany them. He is more understanding towards women, thoughtful, and has no love for unnecessary violence. Why should a man suffer so grievously for an offense he had committed inadvertently? But although he thought for a long time he found no answer. He worries because Okonkwo is a close friend of his, and he has a fit skepticism of the traditional ways and is more adaptable to change then Okonkwo, thus, they almost balance each other out, but Okonkwo repeatedly shows resistance towards Obierika’s reasoning. When questioning Okonkwo’s exile he is reminded of a tragedy of his own. He remembered his wife’s children, whom he had thrown

Essay on Life of Eudora Welty - 1060 Words

Eudora Welty was born in 1909, in Jackson, Mississippi, grew up in a prosperous home with her two younger brothers. Her parent was an Ohio-born insurance man and a strong-minded West Virginian schoolteacher, who settled in Jackson in 1904 after their marriage. Eudora’s school life began attending a white-only school. As born and brought up under strict supervision and influence, at the age of sixteen she somehow convinced her parents to attend college far enough from home, to Columbus, Mississippi and then to Madison, Wisconsin. After graduation in 1930, she moved to New York to attend Columbia Business School. While living in New York, Harlem Jazz theatre occupied her more than her class did. She returned to Jackson in 1931 following her†¦show more content†¦Welty hasn’t published any new volumes of short stories since â€Å"The Bride of Innisfallen† in 1955 and it renewed her interest in fiction. In the early 1970’s to 80’s she wrote many novels and short stories. Her most complex stories in â€Å"The Golden Apples† won critical acclaim, and she received a number of prizes and awards throughout the following decade. She won the William Dean Howell’s Medal of Academy of Arts. Welty also won the letters for her novel â€Å"The Ponder Heart†. In the 1970’s she published two novels, â€Å"Losing Battles† and â€Å"The Optimist’s Daughter†, which was much more critically successful and won a Pulitzer Prize. Her autobiographical book â€Å"One Writer’s Beginnings† is a remarkably useful account of her origins and development as a writer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Salahuddin 3 For her literary work Eudora Welty has received almost every award a nation can give. She received Freedom Medal of Honor twice from President Jimmy Carter and President Ronald Ragen. Other awards include the Gold Medal for the Novel from the National Institute of Arts and Letters, the Bobst Award in Arts and Letters, eight Henry Memorial Prizes, the Howell’s Medal from the American Academy of Arts and Letters, the American Book Award for Paperback Fiction, The St. Louis Literary Award, the Lillian Smith Award, the Common Wealth Award from the Modern Language Association, the Phi BetaShow MoreRelated Eudora Welty: Her Life And Her Works Essay1210 Words   |  5 Pages Eudora Welty: Her Life and Her Works Eudora Weltys writing style and us of theme and setting aided her in becoming one of the greatest writers of all time. Welty credits her family for her success. quot;Without the love and belief my family gave me, I could not have become a writer to begin withquot; (Welty, IX). Eudora Weltys writings are light- hearted and realistic. Her stories explore common everyday life. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Eudora Welty was born in Jackson, Mississippi, onRead MoreEudora Welty Essays1088 Words   |  5 Pageswas one of the largest social movements in the United States. Eudora Welty was born in 1909, right around the time where womens rights were being debated the most. Welty grew up in Mississippi, a common setting in many of her short stories. She was a smart girl who enjoyed reading and writing. Welty was also an artistic soul who enjoyed painting, photography and drawing. Eudora Welty started her career as a writer early on in her life. After attending college to receive a degree in literature, sheRead MoreEssay about Writings About Mississippi by Eudora Welty1311 Words   |  6 PagesEudora Alice Welty practically spent her whole life living in Mississippi. Mississippi is the setting in a large portion of her short stories and books. Most of her stories take place in Mississippi because she focuses on the manners of people living in a small Mississippi to wn. Writing about the lives of Mississippi folk is one main reason Welty is a known author. Welty’s stories are based upon the way humans interact in social encounters. She focuses on women’s situations and consciousness. AnotherRead MoreEudora Welty s The Optimist s Daughter Essay1551 Words   |  7 PagesEudora Welty as a Feminine Feminist Femininity and feminism do not necessarily go hand in hand, since women who embrace it are typically associated with submissiveness. However, in the case of Eudora Welty, the use of womanlike diction and characteristics complement Welty’s style and highlight her subtle feminism. Her novel, The Optimist’s Daughter, reflect the feminist events of Eudora Welty’s life and of the Feminist Movement in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Breaking down her writing style leads to theRead More Lessons Learned in Eudora Weltys The Little Store Essay770 Words   |  4 PagesLessons Learned in Eudora Weltys â€Å"The Little Store† Eudora Welty in her short story â€Å"The Little Store,† is attempting to portray the simplicity and innocence of her youth prior to her realization that there was a world beyond her own. Welty foreshadows her realization and loss of innocence even before her transition to an adult. Welty reveals her childhood innocence in her description of her trips to the little store. As a child, innocence can be shown by believing everythingRead MoreOne Writers Beginnings Rhetorical Analysis1216 Words   |  5 Pagesrealities. In â€Å"One Writer’s Beginnings,† Eudora Welty details her very sheltered life. Afraid of any dangers that may affect her, Welty’s parents attempted to shield her from the world around her. Welty’s mother made the world around her seem more dangerous. As a byproduct of her sheltered youth, Welty reveals the truth in a palatable manner. She spends considerable effort making the truth non-painful. Every person copes with pain and loss differently. In many ways, Welty hides from the truth or at leastRead MoreEssay about Family as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O.898 Words   |  4 PagesFamily as Theater in Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O.      Ã‚  Ã‚   The outspoken narrator of Eudora Weltys Why I Live at the P.O., known to us only as Sister, intends to convince us--the world at large--that her family has turned against her, led on by her sister, itella-Rondo. To escape her family, she explains, she has left home and now lives at the P.O., where she is postmistress. As she delivers her monologue, the narrator reveals more about herself than she intends. We see herRead MoreEudora Welty s A Worn Path1481 Words   |  6 PagesA very famous writer and novelist, Eudora Welty, has written many short stories and novels. Welty’s work is mainly focused with great precision on the regional manners of people inhabiting a small Mississippi town that resembles her own birthplace and the Delta country. Welty was born on April 13, 1909 and was raised by her close-knit and loving parents. In fact, Welty inherited the love of language from her mother. During her lifetime, Welty has earned many awards from her short stori es and novelRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle For Racial Equality Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality In A Worn Path, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a worn path through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics haveRead MoreA Worn Path: Struggle for Racial Equality1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Worn Path†: Struggle for Racial Equality In â€Å"A Worn Path†, a short story by Eudora Welty, the main character, an old colored woman named Phoenix, slowly but surely makes her way down a â€Å"worn path† through the woods. Throughout her journey, she runs into many obstacles such as a thorny bush and a hunter. She overcomes these obstacles and continues with her travels. She finally reaches her destination, the doctor’s office, where she gets medicine for her sick grandson back home. Many critics have

Management Role Free Essays

There are several meanings and interpretations that are engaged in the word management. Also, the roles and work that are associated in this position also defends on the knowledge of that particular person about the term. It can be said that most people view management as the position in which you can get the things done through other people. We will write a custom essay sample on Management Role or any similar topic only for you Order Now Still, there are some views regarding the role of management in an organization that can be considered quite apart from the traditional view of management roles such as to support employees in order to maximize their ability for the betterment of the organization and as well to help employees to be productive members of the community. However, for most employees it can be said that the term management refers to the group of people with the responsibility to make decisions about the organization. The activities of the board as well as program and/or executive directors are also referred to as management. In Joe’s case, he had misconceptions of the responsibility that had been put into his shoulders by the time that he was appointed manager for the Best Made Mfg. Thus, Joe was placed back into his previous position, in the production line after merely 3 weeks.   Joe expected to do the same kind of work, only lighter than before after being placed into a new position. In can be seen in this case that the roles and responsibilities of being a manager is quite different from being in the production line. Being a part of the production line means working side-be-side with the people on the said workplace. It means that you are likely to do what most people do. Thus, being a manager is a totally different scenario. In order to better see the differences, let us look closely to the part and role of the management in the progress and development of the company. In the traditional interpretation, management is referred to as the activities of groups of people in which their main responsibility involves planning, organizing, leading and as well as controlling/coordinating. In order to have a better picture of the role of management, let us look closely at each of the four functions mentioned above. Planning involves the identification of goals, objectives and methods that the company intends to do and achieve. The resources that will be used in the companies operation is also part of planning as well as to identify the responsibilities of personnel’s and the completion date of a certain task. There are many kinds of planning of which strategic, business, project, staffing and as well as advertising and promotions planning are included. Another responsibility of the management is to organize the resources of the company in order to achieve the goals of the company in the most advantageous manner. It may include the organization of new departments, offices, file systems, human resources and as well as the reorganization of the business and others. Another consideration and responsibility that is in the hands of the management is to influence the persons that are part of the company. Leading is an important consideration in order to motivate the employees. Thus, to set the direction that must taken by the individual employees is an important factor in order to maximize the potential of the company. Leading not just involves striving to achieve the goal of the company but to influence the employees to the same thing as well. Controlling/Coordinating is also an important task of the management. It involves the processes, systems and structures of the organization in order to reach the organization’s goals and objectives in the most effective and efficient manner. This may include the monitoring and adjustments of the systems and other structures of the company as well as the collection of feedbacks. The performance management process, financial controls together with the policies and structures are some of the examples. Thus, the task of those in the production line and management involves two different tasks. The main distinction is that those in the production line are guided by the management but does not have the authority to make decisions. This is the job of the management along with all the other responsibilities and task mentioned above. Being part of the management and of the production line are two different tasks that involves different approach. To treat them as having the same function and responsibility will surely cause you some trouble just like Joe’s case. Reference Davidmann, M. (1998). Role of managers under Different Style of Management. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.solhaam.org/articles/clm2su.html Heathfield, S. (2007). When Management Systems Fail. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://humanresources.about.com/od/motivationsuccess/a/manage_systems.htm McNamara, C. (2007). Basics—Definitions (and Misconceptions) About Management. Retrieved December 12, 2007 from http://www.managementhelp.org/mgmnt/defntion.htm How to cite Management Role, Essay examples

Houstons Light Rail System free essay sample

This paper examines the plans to introduce a light rail system in Houston, Texas. This paper is an analysis of the planning and implementation of the proposed light rail system for Houston, TX. The paper details why the community feels that there is a need for this system and some of the factors that contributed to the decision to build it, including the feeling that this system would bring the 2012 Olympics to Houston. The paper also points out the areas increasingly being recognized as a world leader in medical treatment and research and the large number of famous personalities that visit the area as a result. Houstons unparalleled growth over the past two decades has also increased the need for this system and made it even more evident in recent years. The paper concludes by summarizing the many positive affects that this rail system could have on the city and the surrounding areas. We will write a custom essay sample on Houstons Light Rail System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Houston Light Rail System is a beginning of a solution to one of the oldest and unresolved problems in the city of Houston, traffic. Due to the distance of Houstons surrounding annexes, the rail system can offer a cost efficient commuting network. Only the ones, who have driven in the Houston rush hour traffic, can realize the extent of this problem. Multiple traffic jams are a part of every ones life that live and work in Houston. Everyday, those who travel on the Houston freeways during rush hours can look forward to congested traffic without exception, twice a day. On the weekends, Houstonians are still faced with road construction that usually blocks at least four of the lanes on a six-lane highway. Traveling 10 miles and seeing no road construction on any major Houston highway is very rare. In Houston, it is not unusual to see motorist driving on shoulders or mediums, to escape the traffic.Motorists who do this usually are faced with two dilemmas. One is they often find out the shoulder gets traffic jams just like the freeways, and they usually have a fine to pay.